1980), rather than to a loss of interfecundity among morphs. Those morphological variations among individuals could even be due to environmentally stabilized allelic polymorphisms, as in the well-known example of the peppered moth Biston betularia (Creed et al. Many species transplant experiments have shown that the same genotype could generate different phenotypes depending on the environmental conditions (Merilä and Hendry 2013). On the other hand, morphological polymorphisms could be due to phenotypic plasticity and response to a given environment (Price et al. The forces explaining the existence of cryptic species in some groups are not clear, but could be the result of low standing genetic variation or environmental/developmental constraints (see for review Struck et al. ( 2012) estimated that many species remain to be discovered. In the marine realm, the number of described cryptic species has increased in the last years, thanks to new and diversified molecular approaches (see for review Pante Puillandre et al. Many studies have shown that cryptic species are quite common in most of the animal phyla (Pfenninger and Schwenk 2007 Pérez-Ponce de León and Poulin 2016). Indeed, in several cases, different species have no distinguishing phenotypic features, leading to the concept of cryptic species (see for review Struck et al. However, there are limits to the applicability of this. The most straightforward way to recognize a species is from its morphological description. viridis remains to be determined, our approach provides new insights on the existence of cryptic species within A. In conclusion, although the functional role of the different morphotypes of A. viridis that differed in their associated symbiont populations. Interestingly, we however identified at least four independent animal host genetic lineages in A. viridis colour morphs correspond to species level differences. viridis at the animal host or symbiont level, rejecting the hypothesis that A. We did not observe genetic differentiation among colour morphs of A. Here, we investigated whether colour morph differentiation correlated with host genetic diversity or associated symbiotic genetic diversity by using RAD sequencing and symbiotic dinoflagellate typing of 140 sea anemones from the English Channel and the Mediterranean Sea. This species displays different colour morphs based on pigment content and lives in a wide geographical range. Anemonia viridis is a symbiotic sea anemone from temperate seas. In symbiotic cnidarians, it is known that morphology or colour can misrepresent a complex genetic and symbiotic diversity. How can we explain morphological variations in a holobiont? The genetic determinism of phenotypes is not always obvious and could be circumstantial in complex organisms.
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